一些Linux服务器的初始设置

本文最后更新于 2024年8月15日 凌晨

前言

本文基于Ubuntu22.04系统

初始系统安装

ssh登录相关

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sudo apt install openssh-server

安装浏览器

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wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

zsh

安装zsh

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apt install zsh git

安装oh-my-zsh

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sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

激活conda（若安装完zsh再安装conda则无需这一步）

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miniconda3/bin/conda init zsh

开关代理

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# where proxy
proxy () {
  export NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1
  export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
  export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
  echo "HTTP Proxy on"
}

# where noproxy
noproxy () {
  unset HTTP_PROXY
  unset HTTPS_PROXY
  echo "HTTP Proxy off"
}

autojump

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sudo apt install autojump

接下来，将这一行加入.zshrc：

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. /usr/share/autojump/autojump.sh

之后刷新

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source .zshrc

为apt指令设置代理

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sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/proxy.conf
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Acquire::http::Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:7890/";
Acquire::https::Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:7890/";

ifconfig命令

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sudo apt install net-tools

开发环境相关

conda

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wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
sudo chmod 777 ./Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
./Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

CUDA

安装编译环境：

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sudo apt install gcc-12 make cmake

CUDA使用脚本安装：

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aria2c -s16 -x16 -k1M --file-allocation=none https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.6.1/local_installers/cuda_12.6.1_560.35.03_linux.run
sudo sh cuda_12.6.1_560.35.03_linux.run

/=========== = Summary = /===========

Driver: Installed Toolkit: Installed in /usr/local/cuda-12.6/

Please make sure that - PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.6/bin - LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-12.6/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-12.6/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root

To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run cuda-uninstaller in /usr/local/cuda-12.6/bin To uninstall the NVIDIA Driver, run nvidia-uninstall Logfile is /var/log/cuda-installer.log

cudnn（官网地址）

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aria2c -s16 -x16 -k1M --file-allocation=none https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cudnn/9.4.0/local_installers/cudnn-local-repo-ubuntu2404-9.4.0_1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cudnn-local-repo-ubuntu2404-9.4.0_1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo cp /var/cudnn-local-repo-ubuntu2404-9.4.0/cudnn-*-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install cudnn-cuda-12

最后在.zshrc中添加：

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export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-12.6
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$CUDA_HOME/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib64
export PATH=$PATH:$CUDA_HOME/bin

当更新Linux内核后，此方法安装的驱动会失效，此时先使用以下指令卸载参与驱动文件：

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sudo apt-get --purge remove "*cuda*" "*cublas*" "*cufft*" "*cufile*" "*curand*" \
 "*cusolver*" "*cusparse*" "*gds-tools*" "*npp*" "*nvjpeg*" "nsight*" "*nvvm*"
sudo apt-get remove --purge "*nvidia-driver*" "libxnvctrl*"
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge -V

之后重新安装即可

docker

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# Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo wget -O /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
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sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

将当前用户加入docker用户组

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sudo gpasswd -a <user> docker
newgrp docker

设置代理

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sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/proxy.conf

设置其内容为：

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[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890/"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890/"
Environment="NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1"

安装N卡驱动支持container-toolkit

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curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg \
  && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list | \
    sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' | \
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y nvidia-container-toolkit

设置docker

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sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker
sudo systemctl restart docker

将docker数据路径映射到数据盘

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sudo docker info | grep "Docker Root Dir"
sudo systemctl stop docker
sudo systemctl stop docker.socket
sudo mv /var/lib/docker /mnt/data01/docker
sudo ln -sf /mnt/data01/docker /var/lib/docker

mysql

安装mysql

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo systemctl start mysql.service

设置密码

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sudo mysql
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ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
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sudo mysql_secure_installation

其它

切换图形界面和GUI

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sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

创建新用户

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sudo useradd -m -s /usr/bin/zsh user

切换GCC版本

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sudo ln -s -f /usr/bin/gcc-12 /usr/bin/gcc
sudo ln -s -f /usr/bin/gcc-11 /usr/bin/gcc

安装latex环境

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wget https://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl-unx.tar.gz
zcat < install-tl-unx.tar.gz | tar xf -
cd install-tl-*
sudo ./install-tl

安装时取消选择所有其它语言

将下述内容加入环境变量：

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export MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2024/texmf-dist/doc/man
export INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2024/texmf-dist/doc/info
export PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2024/bin/x86_64-linux

开启N卡持久化

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cd /usr/share/doc/NVIDIA_GLX-1.0/samples
sudo tar -xvf nvidia-persistenced-init.tar.bz2
cd nvidia-persistenced-init
sudo ./install.sh

监控

Prometheus

install server

从下载界面下载安装包：

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wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v3.0.0-beta.1/prometheus-3.0.0-beta.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf prometheus-3.0.0-beta.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv prometheus-3.0.0-beta.1.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

设置启动项：

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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

内容如下：

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[Unit]
Description=Prometheus demo
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/usr/local/prometheus/data
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

node_exporter

同样下载安装包：

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wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.8.2/node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64 /usr/local/node_exporter

设置启动项：

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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service

内容如下：

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[Unit]
Description=Prometheus demo
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

修改prometheus.yml，添加以下内容：

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global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
- job_name: node
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9100']

nvidia_gpu_exporter

安装：

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wget https://github.com/utkuozdemir/nvidia_gpu_exporter/releases/download/v1.2.1/nvidia-gpu-exporter_1.2.1_linux_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i nvidia-gpu-exporter_1.2.1_linux_amd64.deb

修改prometheus.yml，添加以下内容：

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global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
- job_name: node
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9835']

Grafana

安装

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sudo apt install apt-transport-https software-properties-common wget
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/
wget -q -O - https://apt.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/grafana.gpg > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/grafana.gpg] https://apt.grafana.com stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list

sudo apt update
sudo apt install grafana

会自动创建systemd启动项

添加数据源

教程 > 计算机
#教程 #计算机
一些Linux服务器的初始设置
https://www.aye10032.com/2024/08/01/2024-08-01-ubuntu-init/
作者
Aye10032
发布于
2024年8月1日
更新于
2024年8月15日
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